After the war, he mustered out of the Army on February 18, 1866. He was appointed United States attorney for the District of Indiana in April 1869 and served until his resignation August 1, 1872.
In 1872 he ran against Benjamin Harrison for the Republican nomination for governor of Indiana. He won the nomination but was defeated in the general election by the Democratic candidate, Thomas A. He served as a delegate to the 1876 Republican National Convention. Browne was elected as a Republican to the House of Representatives, where he served from March 4, 1877, to March 3, 1891.
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